Naxos History | The history of Naxos Cyclades Greece

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History of Naxos




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naxos island and its history
 

History of Naxos

Naxos is a crossing for archeologist, historians, students, artists and folklore scientists. From the beginning of the 20th century until the 21st, in Naxos have worked many archeologist from Greek and foreign universities.

The scientists believe that the importance of Naxos was abolishing for the history of Cyclades and for the entire Greece.
  Naxos was self-sufficient about its goods because of its central position, its size and its natural resources. For this reason, Pindaros call it "liparan" ( = fatty). From antiquity were known its fruits, oil and wine. Its wine is compared to nectar of the Gods.

It is said that Zeus brought up in Naxos. Apollo was being worshiped as florist. Mars has been chased and for this, he took refuge in the island. Dionysus was related to Naxos too. In Naxos was married to Ariadnes, after her abandonment from Theseus. The death and the resurrection of Ariadnes were being celebrated in the island symbolizing the rebirth of nature.

The first inhabitants of Naxos considered being Thracians that dominated two hundred years in the island. Later, came the Kares. They came from Asia Minor having as their leader Naxos who gave his name to the island.

Archeological finds we have from the end of the 4th millennium B.C. The 3rd millennium B.C., Naxos presents a big population to the west of the island. At Panormos were found earnests of their civilization. In the town of Naxos was found a developed built-up-area with square houses and tiled roofs.

More finds there are in relation to the cemeteries of the region. Many graves are masterpieces of art and date back to the 3rd millennium B.C.
There were found also earthen and marble vessels and marble statuettes of the prehistoric era.

After the end of the Cycladic civilization flourishes to the same place the marble material. Afterwards, about the 2nd millennium B.C. when it is developed the Mycenaean civilization, falls the Cycladic. When in 1400 B.C. Crete retires, Naxos helps to the spreading of the Mycenaean civilization to the East.



Naxos' population is transferred to the northwest in the main Greece. So, it is created the town of Grotta about at 1000 B.C.
 

In the History of Naxos

The 7th century B.C., it was created a society with rich people who lived, up on the hill where today is the Castle of Chora. The people had been living from agriculture, cattle, fishery and commerce. At 734 B.C. gives its fleet to Chalkida for sending settlers to the West and in return gives its name to one from the new towns. So, it arises Naxos, in Sicily. Many battles took place against the island around and particularly, against Paros. At one of them, it was killed the great poet of Paros, Arhilohos.

The worship in the religious centre of Delos affected Naxos. The old buildings and the most important offerings in Delos, come from Naxos. The municipality of Naxos dedicates valuable monuments to Apollo of Delos, as the Sphinx. The marble is a plentiful material in Naxos and it is extracted in Delos for the large labours. For the final smoothing of these labours it is used the emery, principal product of Naxos.

In Naxos we find male and feminine nude statues as: Artemis of the National museum (about 650 B.C.), the marble Apollo in Delos, the huge lions in Delos as also the two Kouros in Melanes and Dionysus in Apolonas with length of 10 metres. The most important building in the sacred island is the house of the Naxos' people.

Till today, come to light important finds as the Dimitra's temple. In 490 B.C. the Persians, attack to Naxos and the town is destroyed. After that passes to the Athenian domination and next to the Spartan. It becomes a vexed point between Athenians and Spartans. Later, it passes to the Rhodian domination. After the 41 B.C. came to the Romans who used it as exile.



history of naxos and its cycladic art
Naxos history of church  
At the Byzantine era was built many monasteries, country churches, iconoclastical temples on hills, in the centres of ancient temples e.t.c. Naxos looked like a small Mystras. In 1083 became the seat of metropolite. In 1024 was established the duchy of the Aegean having as a seat Naxos.

This duchy was held until 1564 when Turks dominated Naxos. Yet, the Naxos' people lived more with the fear of european christian corsairs than Turks. Turks was particularly interested in taxes.

  In the Revolution of 1821 there weren't many Turks, So, the island wasn't affected. There are only a few words that characterize place-names as: The fountain of Aga. During the Turkish domination, the people of Naxos built monasteries and schools where the brother of Kosmas Aitolos taught.

In 1595 representatives from fifteen islands went to Naxos doing a movement against Turks. They rebelled against Franks, in 1563, 1643, 1670 and 1681. An important part to the fight of Franks played Markopolitis.

With the strategy of taxes won the Turks who used them against Franks. Turks were interested in collecting the taxes and in this point, Markopolitis was frequent in order to gain their favour.

Markopolitis contributed for the operation of Ayios Georgios School and he was characterized as "the man that resurrected Naxia".

Franks chased him and in the end, he drowned in Mytilene by order of Kounzouhi Houssein in the 25 of March in 1802. His son who interfered to the Revolution of 1821 continues his work and he is recognized as a proxy of Naxos in the General Assemblies. In 1851 he became senator.
In the end of 1820 Alexandros Ypsilantis had sent his men in Cyclades with revolutionary proclamations. In December of 1820 sweared the first Filikoi in Naxos and between them Markopolitis, too.
They declared the Revolution in the 6 of May in 1821.
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