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Civilization of Samos : Information about civilization in Samos, Greek Islands |
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The island of Samos in comparison to the rest of the Greek islands ,is located within a breathing distance from the coastline of Asia Minor and acts as the connecting link of Greece to the East. Because of its geographic position it was a desirable prize for many aspiring conquerors. It succeeded though, in prospering and elevating valuable personalities in the sciences and arts.
In the sciences the figures of Pythagoras and Aristarchos emerged. Pythagoras (580-490 b.c.) the celebrated philosopher and mathematician, son of Mnisarchos, is included amongst the most famous men of the ancient world and his theories are well known and are applicable even to this day.
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The teachings of Pythagoras were based in the dogma of reincarnation within which the individual is redeemed from the earthly cosmos of sensation and regains the lost divine grace and existence. The human body constitutes the prison of the soul. Self-control and self-criticism are essential requirements for the development and healthy spiritualistic growth of the individual.
The dogma of reincarnation is whole, through the teaching of numbers that consist of the utmost mark of the Pythagorean teachings. According to Pythagoras, the beginning and the essence of beings is the number, everything "is made up of numbers". This phrasing is based on the observation that the height of the sounds is depended by the length of the strings of the musical organ, and the musical harmony is based on mathematical proportions. The numbers consist of a perfect harmony and the holly number 4, which consists the base of creation. The phrase of the hecatombs, known as the Pythagorean theorem is known worldwide. Pythagoras stated the fundamental ploblem of the philosophy of mathematics having as a result, for the Greeks to still have the world lead until today. His expressions about ethical philosophy but also in the science of mathematics, inspired later generations. A bright example is the scientist Aristarchos who replaced the geocentric system (30 b.c.) with the electronic.
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Aristarchos the Samios was a famous astrophysicist and a great astronomer, who expressed the theory concerning the movement of the Earth. The Polish astronomer Copernicus later studied his writings, in order to formulate the Copernicus system according to which the earth and the stars move around the sun.
In the area of sculpting ,the sculptors Poikos and Theodoros ( 6th-5th cent.) invented the production of molded or cast cooper statues using a clay model and the sculptor Pythagoras that is said to be the creator of Iniochos of Delphi. While during same period, lived the stamp-sculptor named Mnisarchos, father of the famous philosopher and mathematician Pythagoras.
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In the area of painting, the painter Savrias stands out and as he was the first who devised the shading of paintings. In the area of archeology the unique Mandioklis (513 b.c.) that created the floating bridge on the Bosporus and in the area of hydraulic mechanics the in famous Evpalinos with his famed Evpalinio Origma at Pythagorio.
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In the area of shipping, a new type of ship with 50 oars known as the Samaina was constructed here for the first time. As part of the Cyclades culture the island contributed in its promotion and development.
During the Neohellenic years the island cultivated many artists, scientists and scholars, but not as significant as those of the ancient Samions. The Aegean traditional architecture, the painting and sculpturing techniques and pottery follow the pattern that was apparent on all the islands of the Northeastern Aegean.
At the archeological museum findings from Iraion are exhibited. The constitution of the Samion sculptor Geneleo, the torso of Kouros of Lefkia, sculptures and statues from the Hellenistic period, a collection of cooper objects from Egypt and Persia, clay objects from Cyprus, prehistoric vases and ceramic from the Geometrical and Archaic Period.
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At the Ecclesiastic and Byzantine museum, there is a vast collection of gold and silver works, golden weaved embroidery and manuscripts on membrane. At the folkloric museum you will have the possibility to admire pictures inspired from the traditional life of the island, hand woven embroidery, loom and spindle articles.
Finally don't forget to visit the Paleontology museum, which was created by the professor of paleontology at the Aristotle University, John Melentis with the economic contribution of Constantine and Maria Zimalis. There you will find fossils of animals that lived on the island and are dated back millions of years that came to light in 1963. You will also find fossilized bones from civilized species of a pony and small sized elephants and rhinoceros. These animals existed in the surrounding area before the Aegean Sea was formed by geological realignments.
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